The EEG Data Fragmentation Crisis
The EEG neurotech industry stands at a critical inflection point. Despite billions in investment and decades of research, the promise of brain-computer interfaces remains largely unfulfilled. Companies struggle to scale beyond proof-of-concept, researchers can't replicate findings across labs, and developers waste months reinventing the wheel. The root cause? A fractured ecosystem where every device speaks its own language, every dataset lives in isolation, and every breakthrough stays locked in its silo. This fragmentation isn't just slowing progress—it's preventing the entire industry from reaching its transformative potential in healthcare, wellness, and human augmentation.
Inconsistent & Noisy Data
The technical reality is stark: EEG devices vary wildly in their specifications. From 2-channel consumer wearables to 256-channel research systems. Each device uses different sensor placements (montages), input impedances, voltage resolutions, and signal-to-noise ratios. This hardware heterogeneity means findings from one device rarely transfer to another, effectively fragmenting the knowledge base and limiting the scalability of solutions.
Task-Specific Models
Current machine learning approaches in EEG are narrowly focused, with separate models for sleep staging, emotion detection, motor imagery, and seizure prediction. Each model starts from scratch, unable to leverage representations learned from other tasks. This siloed approach wastes computational resources and prevents the cross-pollination of insights that could accelerate breakthroughs across multiple applications.
Inter- and Intra-Subject Variability
Brain signals are inherently personal. Inter-subject differences including unique cortical folding patterns, skull thickness variations, and individual psychological profiles often overwhelm the neural signatures researchers seek to measure. Meanwhile, intra-subject variability stemming from brain changes over time from aging, development, learning, and even short-term physiological fluctuations caused by circadian rhythms, hormonal cycles, medication effects, fatigue levels, and emotional states can make the same person's brain appear drastically different from hour to hour, compromising repeatability and reliability.
Stuck on Data Preparation
The preprocessing burden is crushing innovation. Researchers report spending 60-80% of their time on artifact removal, signal filtering, and data alignment. This is tedious work that must be repeated for every new dataset and device. This leaves minimal time for actual discovery and development, creating a bottleneck that affects academia and industry alike.
Introducing Axon: A Foundational Model for the Human Brain
We're revolutionizing brain-computer interfaces with the industry's first universal EEG foundation model. By unifying fragmented neural data into a single intelligent system, we're doing for brain signals what GPT did for language—creating a shared infrastructure that accelerates every application built on top. This isn't just another model; it's the missing layer that transforms noisy, device-specific recordings into actionable insights, enabling developers to build in days what used to take years.
Our Impact & Scientific Validation
Our work is backed by groundbreaking research published in top-tier academic venues, demonstrating our models' superior performance, generalizability, and efficiency.
EEG2Rep: Enhancing Self-supervised EEG Representation Through Informative Masked Inputs
Published at the 30th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD '24)
🏆 Winner of the Audience Appreciation Award (1st Place)
- Novel EEG Architecture: EEG2Rep is the first work to redesign the JEPA architecture specifically for EEG, creating a teacher–student model tailored to handle the noise and variability of brain recordings.
- Informative Masking: We introduce a new masking strategy that enables rich and generalized representations without relying on data augmentations or device-specific calibration.
- Scalable and Noise-Resilient: Our encoder-only design supports large-scale pretraining, achieving +10.96% accuracy and +8.18% AUCROC gains over baselines. Most importantly, EEG2Rep demonstrates strong robustness to noise, making it a solid foundation for universal EEG representation learning.
- Access Paper
SpellerSSL: Self-Supervised Learning with P300 Aggregation for Speller BCIs
(2025) Manuscript submitted for publication
- Relevance to P300 ERP: The SpellerSSL model is specifically designed for P300 ERP tasks, which have a different nature (requiring frequency components versus time domain features) than other EEG applications.
- Data Preparation: The paper demonstrates a novel method for preparing data and designing a model that can leverage self-supervised techniques (like EEG-X and EEGM2) for improved accuracy and low-latency inference.
- Efficiency & Generalization: This is the first framework to apply self-supervised learning to P300 spellers, significantly reducing time-consuming calibration and improving robustness across subjects.
- SOTA Performance: The model achieves a 94% character recognition rate with only 7 repetitions and the highest information transfer rate (ITR) of 21.86 bits/min.
EEGM2: An Efficient Mamba-2-Based Self-Supervised Framework for Long-Sequence EEG Modeling
(2025) Manuscript submitted for publication
- Efficiency: Our Mamba-2-based architecture overcomes the limitations of older Transformer models, offering linear computational complexity for long EEG sequences.
- SOTA Performance: EEGM2 achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on long-sequence tasks, outperforming conventional models that struggle with memory and speed.
- Robustness & Generalization: The framework's spatiotemporal loss and multi-branch input embedding enhance robustness to noise and improve generalization across subjects and varying sequence lengths.
EEG-X: Device-Agnostic Foundation Model for EEG
(2025) Manuscript submitted for publication
- Device-Agnostic Design: EEG-X generalizes across a wide variety of EEG devices and channel layouts. Using location-based channel embeddings, it covers standard systems including 10-05, 10-10, and 10-20. The Quant-based context encoding allows the model to handle variable-length inputs, producing meaningful tokens for robust representation learning.
- Noise-Free Reconstruction: Dual reconstruction captures rich information from noisy data without removing brain signals:
- Artifact-removed raw signal reconstruction
- Noise-free latent space reconstruction for enhanced representation learning
- Zero-Shot Inference: Pretrain and infer on completely unseen headsets, enabling truly universal EEG analysis.
- Proven Performance: EEG-X delivers +2.41% accuracy and +2.32% AUCROC improvements over state-of-the-art baselines across diverse EEG datasets.
SAMBA: Toward a Long-Context EEG Foundation Model via Spatial Embedding and Differential Mamba
(2025) Manuscript submitted for publication
- Scalable Long-Context Modeling: SAMBA leverages a Mamba-based architecture to achieve linear time complexity, allowing it to efficiently model long EEG recordings (e.g., 100 seconds) without high memory usage.
- Device-Agnostic Spatial Embedding: The Spatial-Adaptive Input Embedding (SAIE) uses 3D electrode coordinates to unify data from different montages and channel counts, enabling generalization to unseen devices.
- Superior Performance: Experiments across 13 datasets show SAMBA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods while maintaining low memory and fast inference speed.
- Transferability: The model demonstrates strong transferability, with pretraining on long sequences improving performance on tasks with shorter durations.
How It Works
Our platform abstracts away the complexity of raw brain data, providing a clean, consistent, and powerful vector for your applications.
Connect Any Device
Connect any EEG device, from 2 channels to a high-density research-grade cap or anything in between. If you tell us where the sensors are placed, our platform can handle it.
Our API Vectorizes Data
Our foundation model processes raw EEG signals and provides a standardized, high-quality vector representation of real brain activity for each arbitrary time window. Inter-subject differences and noise artifacts are a thing of the past.
Build Your Model
We provide the environment and tools for you to build your own application-layer components, such as dashboards, classifiers, and other services. Data clusters now reflect brain differences, not inter-subject differences or noise.
Unlock Limitless Possibilities
Our platform is the universal language for the brain. See where our technology can take you.
Medical & Clinical
Develop advanced neurological diagnostics, rehabilitation tools, and mental health applications with unparalleled accuracy.
Academic Research
Accelerate your research in cognitive science, psychology, and neuroscience by removing hardware constraints.
Human-Computer Interaction
Create next-generation interfaces for gaming, virtual reality, and productivity by using thought as input.
Meet Our Team
We are a group of neuroscientists, AI researchers, and engineers committed to building the future of non-invasive brain decoding.
Get Early Access
Be among the first to experience the future of non-invasive brain decoding. Join our waitlist for updates on our API and platform launch.